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Signficance of Good Service Backup In Technical Industry

Signficance of Good Service Backup In Technical Industry Free Online Research Papers Signficance of Good Service Backup In Technical Industry 1.Povzetek slovenskega besedila v angleÃ¥ ¡?ini + naslov Business achievement relies upon flexibility, readiness to react to changes in condition, preparation to learn and so on. Be that as it may, every one of these things are insufficient if an organization doesnt have a decent assistance reinforcement. Modern organizations are not adaptable enough, depend on innovative viewpoint and they regularly disregard purchasers happiness with the item which prompts unsuccess. Fruitful organizations offer great assistance reinforcement †when deal †which is significant for making a decent bussiness, for shoppers status to purchase the item and for buyers happiness in the wake of getting it. Reinforcement administration after deal requests long haul exercises, for example, qualifying laborers and inquiring about purchasers reactions. Generally extended and furthermore significant help reinforcement is qualifying customer to utilize the item wich prompts great showcasing. Other significant assistance reinforcements are likewise ensure, security, beating language deterrents and so on. Administration reinforcement is exceedingly significant for legitimate and security utilization of the item, and it can likewise help the buyer to remember points of interest of the item, for example, uniqueness and quality control. 2.Povzetek besedila v enem stavku Despite the fact that numerous modern organizations disregard customers happiness, the most significant thing (adjacent to improvement and so forth.) is administration reinforcement which prompts great business and shoppers fulfillment. 3.Prevod ozna?enega besedila While mechanical organizations attempt to guarantee serious position, they depend upon innovative part of the item and neglect their administration segment. They don't know that administration part implies viable vital apparatus with which they can pick up, by and large even without more noteworthy expences, definitive serious position and they can beat their rivals. Research Papers on Signficance of Good Service Backup In Technical IndustryMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL investigation of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

How Psychoeducational Group Therapy Can Help Phobias

How Psychoeducational Group Therapy Can Help Phobias Phobias Treatment Print How Psychoeducational Group Therapy Can Help Phobias By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on August 16, 2019 Tom Merton / Getty Images More in Phobias Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Did your therapist recently suggest group therapy as part of your treatment plan for a phobia? That wouldnt be unusual. A psychoeducational  group is a common component in treatment plans for phobia, which includes  agoraphobia,  social phobia (social anxiety disorder), and a  specific phobia, an exaggerated or irrational fear of a specific object or situation. Common Characteristics of Psychoeducational Group Therapy A psychoeducational group is a specific type of  group therapy  that focuses on educating clients about their disorders and ways of coping. Its based on the principles of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Your psychoeducational group is likely to consist of members that all share the same diagnosis. In this case, education tends to focus on coping with that specific disorder. In other groups, members may have very different diagnoses, and the educational focus is on practical life skills such as living within a community or accepting rules. The leader of the psychoeducational groups you attend could be a mental health expert, a peer counselor who shares a similar diagnosis, or members of the community. There are specific formats for certain types of psychoeducational groups, but many follow a more free-form, eclectic approach. Treatment for Adolescents With Social Phobia A psychoeducational group is the first part of  a successful school-based treatment plan for adolescents with social phobia called Skills for Social and Academic Success (SASS). The afflicted students gather in small groups for 12 weekly sessions of 40 minutes each. The group leaders guide each session and supportive peers who dont suffer from this mental disorder are in attendance, too. During the first session, the group leaders use psychoeducation in a group setting to: Normalize the experience of anxietyPresent the behavioral symptoms and let students share their own symptomsGive students space to discuss their negative thoughts and how avoidance  affects their livesIdentify students goals for the SASS program The next four topics presented in the subsequent sessions of SASS are: Realistic thinkingSocial skills trainingExposureRelapse prevention The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Examples of Psychoeducational Group Intervention for a Specific Phobia A psychoeducational group intervention is an effective approach for reducing the symptoms of the social anxiety known as erythrophobia, a fear of blushing, and the specific phobia arachnophobia, a fear of spiders. When it comes to a fear of blushing, a study published in the journal Clinical Psychology    Psychotherapy found that when 47 erythrophobia participants attended one weekly  psychoeducational group session for six weeks, they showed significant  improvement from baseline on a Blushing, Trembling, and Sweating Questionnaire. In regards to the specific phobia of spiders, a pilot study published in a German medical journal on child psychology evaluated 36 children between the ages of 8 and 10. Researchers wanted to try and reduce the likelihood of developing  this common fear using a  psychoeducative group program. After completing the program,  both boys and girls showed a reduction in their fear.   10 of the Most Common Phobias A Word From Verywell If you think you may benefit from this type of therapy, consider discussing it with your doctor. For instance, its possible that a psychoeducational group on living with social phobia can teach you new ways of relating to strangers.

entrepreneurship - 2937 Words

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT COVER SHEET Student Name Navpreet Kaur Student ID S265457 Assessment Title Case Study 1 Unit Number and Title PRT503 Entrepreneurship for Professionals Lecturer/Tutor Mr. Jamal El-Den Date Submitted 07 August 2014 Date Received OFFICE USE ONLY KEEP A COPY Please be sure to make a copy of your work. If you have submitted assessment work electronically make sure you have a backup copy. PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is the presentation of the work of another without acknowledgement. Students may use a limited amount of information and ideas expressed by others but this use must be identified by appropriate referencing. CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, business-man always tries to focus on profitability or productivity. So, that is why business classes always concentrate on causal thinking rather than effectual thinking.[1: How Entrepreneurs Think - Business. 2014. How Entrepreneurs Think - Business. [ONLINE] Available at: http://business.mpelembe.net/home/how-entrepreneurs-think. [Accessed 03 August 2014].] DO YOU BELIEVE THAT ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SHOULD BE PART OF AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP COURSE OR DID THE TEXTBOOK AUTHORS JUST INCLUDE A SECTION ON IT TO BE POLITICALLY CORRECT? Solution: Ethics involves learning to differentiate between right and wrong things and then doing the right things. Entrepreneurs should be concerned with their ethical and social responsibilities as they are also the part of society like everyone else. Entrepreneurs should be determinant, competitive and honest to their workplace. For instance, if any entrepreneur discloses the secret of the organisation for which he is working to its rival for money then it will be regarded as unethical deed. Ethical behaviour among entrepreneurs should be the key element in corporate culture as it helps the company to achieve success. [2: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. 2014. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. [ONLINE] Available at:http://managementhelp.org/businessethics/#anchor3815179. [Accessed 05 August 2014].] Entrepreneur should not pursue any business that is harmful to society, no matterShow MoreRelatedEntrepreneurship1111 Words   |  5 PagesEntrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur or one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses (referred as Startup Company); however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include socialRead MoreEntrepreneurship1326 Words   |  6 Pages‘Critically evaluate the key theoretical developments of the term Entrepreneurship’. Student Name : Jonalee B. Magtoto Student ID : 1009007374 Matriculation No: 20037830 Date: June 13th 2013 Word Count : 2,091 words Introduction: Entrepreneurship as a lot of meaning but for me it divided into two separate fundamental, the first part debate high involveRead MoreEntrepreneurship1228 Words   |  5 Pagesthat has the right of control is hired from the owner. Page 2 of 4 Similarities and differences between a manager, a business owner and an entrepreneur By Henry Amm Modern approaches like ‘corporate entrepreneurship’ try to overcome those boundaries by incorporating advantages of entrepreneurship into common management. Companies try to facilitate diversification with internal development workshops. That makes activities necessary, in areas that are usually only loosely related to the current ‘domain’Read MoreEntrepreneurship4156 Words   |  17 PagesEntrepreneurship Challenges in 21st. Century | | What is Entrepreneurship? The definition of entrepreneurship has been debated among scholars, educators, researchers, and policy makers since the concept was first established in the early 1700’s. The term â€Å"entrepreneurship† comes from the French verb â€Å"entreprendre† and the German word â€Å"unternehmen†, both means to â€Å"undertake†. Bygrave and Hofer in1891 defined the entrepreneurial process as ‘involving all the functions, activities, and actions associatedRead MoreEntrepreneurship4409 Words   |  18 Pages1 LESSON- 1 ENTREPRENEUR AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Dr. Jyotsna Sethi STRUCTURE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Entrepreneurship as a Career Option 1.3 Concepts and Definitions 1.3.1 Entrepreneur 1.3.2 Entrepreneurship 1.3.3 Enterprise 1.3.4 Difference between Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship 1.4 Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development 1.4.1 Entrepreneurship and Economic Development 1.4.2Entrepreneurship and Education 1.5 FunctionsRead MoreEntrepreneurship1106 Words   |  5 Pagesenterprise without undermining his/her relationship. In this last case a good entrepreneur should be free from personal commitment, at first, at least, because his/her work, or his/her relationship, could be compromised. Q2: Inc. Magazine claims, â€Å"Entrepreneurship is more mundane than it’s sometimes portrayed †¦ you don’t need to be a person of mythical proportions to be very, very successful in building a company.† Do you agree? Explain. 2. I don’t agree with the sentence above; I think that a temporaryRead MoreEntrepreneurship Should Be Aware At The World Of Entrepreneurship Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesPROVIDED MANY OPPORTUNITIES ANYONE PLANNING TO ENTER THE WORLD OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP SHOULD BE AWARE OF ITS POTENTIAL DRAWBACKS Introduction:- Entrepreneurship is defined as the practice of beginning a new trade or reviving an existing business, for capitalizing on fresh opportunities. The statement were analyzing today is all about entrepreneurship. The author here is trying to explain that like every coin has two sides, entrepreneurship also has benefits and drawbacks. Every year the number of peopleRead MoreThe Concept Of An Entrepreneurship1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of an entrepreneurship is a commonly argued point, with several definitions given by many different people. The Business in Action textbook defines entrepreneurship as the combination of innovation, initiative and willingness take risks required to create and operate new businesses and an entrepreneur as a person with positive, forward-thinking desire to create profitable, sustainable business enterprise. According to this definition, a small business owner could definitely be classedRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship1926 Words   |  8 PagesR ose Spiegel Rationale 5.7.13 Everyone describes social entrepreneurship differently. While many have been able to describe the traits and features of a social entrepreneur there doesn’t seem at all to be a consensus about the definition of what constitutes the field of social entrepreneurship. Susan Davis and David Bornstein in their book, Social Entrepreneurship: What Everyone Needs to Know define social entrepreneurship as â€Å"a process by which citizens build or transform institutions to advanceRead MoreCorporate Entrepreneurship1295 Words   |  6 PagesCorporate Entrepreneurship Corporate Entrepreneurship can be seen as the process whereby an individual or a group creates a new venture within an existing organization, revitalizes and renews an organization ,or innovates. Zahra’s(1986) definition of corporate entrepreneurship suggests aformal or informal activity aimed at creating new businesses in established firms through product and process innovations and market developments,whereas sathe(1985) defines corporate entrepreneurship as a process

Rubbish Has No Value. Identify the Arguments for and...

In 1983/84, the average amount of household rubbish per person per year in England was 397 kilograms (Defra, 2007), in the following years, this increased and by 2006/07, this figure had grown by 28 percent to 508 kilograms. This trend has been explained by the growing affluence of the general person and their greater amount of disposable income, which is then being spent on luxury products. As a result, more and more waste is being generated each year; this essay will explore the arguments around whether this ever increasing amount of rubbish has any value. One line of reasoning is that rubbish does not have value, or at least has very little in relation to its starting value. This can be explained by examining Thompson’s Rubbish Theory†¦show more content†¦Another argument which can be used to demonstrate the value of rubbish is with regards to environmental concerns. In recent years, rubbish has been placed into landfill sites, where the items of waste can take hundreds of years to degrade, or disposed of in incinerators, thereby releasing harmful gases into the Earth’s atmosphere. However, in understanding the value of our environment we can revalue this rubbish, we see it not as something to be simply discarded, but to be reused and recycled. Between April 2010 and March 2011, the rate of recycling in England increased to an all-time-high of 41.2% (The Guardian, 2011); this suggests that although not all rubbish is considered valuable by everyone, the level of value we attach to rubbish is on the rise due to t he increase in importance that we are attributing to our environment. Perhaps at a time when we, as a global community, are recycling one hundred percent of our waste it would be possible to say that the statement, ‘rubbish has no value,’ is completely inaccurate. Before denouncing the opening statement, rubbish has no value, as incorrect, it must be understood that, for the time at least, the value of rubbish is entirely dependent upon the context in which it exists. Whilst a mobile phone which is outdated may be useless andShow MoreRelatedValuing Rubbish Essay example1433 Words   |  6 PagesRubbish has no value. Identify the arguments for and against this view. Essay Plan. Process words- Identify the arguments. (outline the arguments) Content words- Rubbish, Value. Rubbish is the invisible part of consumption (Brown, 2009, p103). The definition of rubbish via the dictionary is something that is worthless, unwanted material that is rejected or thrown out; (Dictionary.com, July 2012). It is something that no one wants and ought to be out of the way and out of sightRead MoreRubbish Has No Value1458 Words   |  6 Pages‘Rubbish has no value’. Identify the arguments for and against this view. Essay Plan: 1. Introduction - Explain the word ‘rubbish’ and introduce the related issues. 2. Consumer society, mass consumption and rising affluence – introduction to history, grounds and effects. 3. Rubbish as a valuable material; Michael Thompson theory and re-valuation; waste as a useful resource. 4. Conclusion – best ways to handle the rising problem like mass consumption, production, rubbish and how to protect itRead MoreThe Wasteland and The Matrix Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesHistorically speaking the fate of world has always been called into the question. The same is true of commentaries on the state of mankind. T.S. Eliot’s The Wasteland is considered by many to be the greatest poem of all time. During Eliot’s time, the world was beginning to place more value on pop culture than high culture. Gone were the days where most were familiar with the works of the greats. The Wachowski Brothers’ film, The Matrix, deals with similar themes as The Wasteland . The scienceRead MoreAmerican History X Detailed Summary5821 Words   |  24 Pagesdiscussing an essay set by Mr Murray on civil rights. Danny has done his essay on Mein Kampf - Hitlers ideological book that he had written while in prison in the 1920s. Mr Murray is appalled and believes Danny is like his brother - lost and unable to turn back. Dr Sweeney refuses to give up on Danny and dismisses Mr Murrays attempt to have Danny excluded from school. Dr Sweeney calls Danny in and tells him that Mein Kampf is rubbish and throws it into the bin threatening to expel him. SweeneyRead MoreHindi Nibandh on Advantages of Mobile and Disadvantage17790 Words   |  72 PagesCLAT-2011 Solved Paper ENGLISH (COMPREHENSION) The questions in this section are based on a single passage. The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Please note that for some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. Passage for Questions 1 to 10 In 1954, a Bombay economist named ARead MoreDescriptive Analysis6093 Words   |  25 PagesNarration and Description THE STRATEGIES Although the narrative and descriptive essays are often given as separate assignments in composition courses, they are combined in this first section so that teachers can present expressive writing and still reserve time for the many forms of informative and argumentative writing. This choice is tricky because it confirms the folk wisdom about expressive writing and rhetorical difficulty. According to custom, students can write narratives first because theyRead MoreThe White Man s Burden10652 Words   |  43 Pageson the Oriental discourse, this section highlights the struggle of the subjugated inferior Other in approving its identity and diminishing the British stereotypical inferior images and apathy in portraying their culture. This conflict is the sources of questions such as: 1) What is the real attitude of the British characters towards their racist imperial systems and its hall mark of violence and force? 2) Is there any protesting voice among the British characters against t he racial system? 3) WhatRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 PagesIntegrated Course for Children New Concept English Uniform with this Volume: FIRST THINGS FIRST: An Integrated Course for Beginners PRACTICE AND PROGRESS: An Integrated Course for Pre-Intermediate Students DEVELOPING SKILLS: An Integrated Course for Intermediate Students FLUENCY IN ENGLISH: An Integrated Course for Advance Students New Concept English in two Volume edition FIRST THINGS FIRST PART 1 ·2 PRACTICE AND PROGRESS PART }-2 For and Against AN ORAL PRACTICE BOOK FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS OF ENGLISH Read MoreThe White Man s Burden By Rudyard Kipling10612 Words   |  43 Pageson the Oriental discourse, this section highlights the struggle of the subjugated inferior Other in approving its identity and diminishing the British stereotypical inferior images and apathy in portraying their culture. This conflict is the sources of questions such as: 1) What is the real attitude of the British characters towards their racist imperial systems and its hall mark of violence and force? 2) Is there any protesting voice among the British characters against their racial system? 3) WhatRead MoreSMSC12647 Words   |  51 PagesSince the 1988 Education reform Act schools have had a statutory duty to ‘promote the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society’. The Education (Schools) Act 1992 underlined the importance of this duty by making the promotion of pupils’ spir itual, moral, social and cultural development an aspect to be included in Ofsted inspections. In 2003, the publication of the report ‘Excellence and Enjoyment’ for primary schools, further underpinned the

Straight Edge Free Essays

straight edge parents wonder what’s wrong with their children. people wonder what these kids have to hide†¦ there must be something wrong with them†¦ why? because they look more scary than other youths? no! because they are more violent than others? no! because they praise a weird, new kind of god? no! but what is the reason the reason simply is – they live the â€Å"straight edge†. but what is â€Å"straight edge† exactly? the basic â€Å"definition† was created in the early 1980s in a hardcore-punk song of the washington d. We will write a custom essay sample on Straight Edge or any similar topic only for you Order Now c. and â€Å"minor threat† whose singer ian mackaye wrote a song about living a life without drugs – the song which included the six legendary words â€Å"don’t drink, don’t smoke, don’t fuck! † – it was a song called â€Å"straight edge† – a song that gave a name to a new movement amongst the youth of then and preserved its fascination and attitude up to the new millennium. to explain the history of the term â€Å"straight edge† even a bit more precisely: the words became the meaning for after the drummer of minor threat saw the symbol of a straight edge on a poster and thought – only god knows why – it would be the perfect symbol for this new lifestyle. asically it was a thing about cleaning oneself. in the late 1970s and early 1980s there was a big frustration in the punk scene worldwide. it was pretty much all about sex and drugs and rock’n’roll – and whoever wanted to be a r eal punk got drunk or stoned every time there was an opportunity. the problem was that the political backgrounds of punk became more and more unimportant, and people didn’t even have the power to be active anymore. the poison took their power. o some kids – especially in new york – rethought this whole punk-idea and decided for themselves not to participate in this organized chaos anymore – to resist against the peer pressure. to get clean and save their power for the fight to reach their ideals. the important thing which gave those kids the platform and power to start out their mission around the world was the music. fast punk. it was the new kind of punk. today we call it old-school hardcore. bands like minor threat, ssd and the teen idols were only some of the first straight edge bands. thousands of others followed their way. he music was the basis – but what was the background behind this â€Å"don’t drink, don’t smoke, donâ€⠄¢t fuck! â€Å"? was it just a frustrated group of kids who wanted to get attention by living like askets? not at all†¦ the part about the drinking and smoking is easy to understand. it means: â€Å"concentrate your power on the important things in life† – but what about the sex? why should people not be allowed to make love according to this lifestyle? well, that’s not quite what it was supposed to mean and still is: it is supposed to mean, that one shouldn’t have promiscuous sex – sleeping around every time one gets the chance. o pretending of love just to get sex. the reason for that is to show respect to others. not to see them as things. this is probably one of the most discussed about points of this whole definition. during the years some things changed. political engagement became en vogue – which is just too logic because the movement actually was born as an idea to strengthen the political power of each individual. respect of life also implies animal rights. that’s the reason for vegetarism and veganism being very wide spread in the scene. lot of the straight edge people are active in human and/or animal rights groups and support direct action. but then there is the bad side of the movement: in public straight edge is often regarded to be narrow-minded and egotistical. but – it is quite the opposite. the bad image occurred because some groups split off and gave the whole scene a really bad name: there was on the one hand a new important part for some groups: religion – which was completely against the basic idea and straight edge. to question norms and to find it’s own way of living. specially the big religious scene in the mormon area salt lake city / new mexico caused a lot of negative publicity. people supposedly even got killed there out of twisted and misunderstood straight-edge reasons. the problem there is the big connection between religion and straight edge there. th e whole lifestyle isn’t against the norm there at all – mormons get raised there that way anyway – but the motives are completely different. so kids are much more likely to call themselves straight edge even though the basic idea is not going along with their backgrounds at all. nother huge negative movement out of the straight edge scene is shown by so-called â€Å"hardline†-straight edgers. mostly they are involved in the religion of islam (don’t ask about the reasons – it is totally incomprehensibly! ) and fight against anything â€Å"impure† and â€Å"unnatural† like abortion – most of them are real hardline pro-lifers – or homosexuality. there were also tendencies amongst right-wing groups who tried to adapt straight edge for their means. but they all just didn’t understand what straight edge is about†¦ but straight edge is about tolerance, respect and activism. nyone who gets in touch will discov er, that the letter or sign â€Å"x† has an important meaning. it dates back to the 1980s in new york when – like it was and is common in the united states – on concerts and shows underage kids got marked with a big â€Å"x† on the back of their hands so that they wouldn’t get alcohol to drink at the bar. older kids solidarized with them and marked their hands themselves – to show the don’t even want to drink. today a lot of people use the â€Å"x† in their names – like xsidx for example – wear it on shirts or as tattoos. lso the abbreviation sxe for straight edge is really popular and common. unfortunately a lot of kids see it as a cliquish and â€Å"cool† hing to be straight edge – but they won’t stay like that. they will live on their lives just like a lot of their â€Å"never-been-straight-edge†-fellows. it is important to develop ones own definition and style of straight edge. one has to live it. then it is the right decision and the appropriate lifestyle. then it is the â€Å"true till death† lifestyle – in contrast to â€Å"true till college† which characterizes the stylish kids mentioned before. he music changed a lot too. there is still a bunch of old-school bands but especially during the 1990s there emerged many sxe-bands that played all different styles of hardcore like the heavy-metal like hardcore or the softer emo-core. it is impossible to still find names for the style of every band – the variety is just too big. important are still the hardcore shows were kids from all over meet, trade records, and just hang out. the scene is pretty much selfly-sufficient too. here’s kids who publish (mostly still vinyl) records for young bands – others who have little mail orders and distributions to sell and trade tapes, records and cds, some kids organize shows for bands (even from overseas), and others who even buy veg an food you cannot get here abroad and sell it to the kids. all â€Å"do-it-yourself† (= diy). all anti-capitalist. straight edge is nothing suspicious. straight edge is personal choice. straight edge is the decision to find ones own norms. straight edge is support for weak and disadvantaged beings. straight edge is the attempt to make the world a better place! How to cite Straight Edge, Essay examples

Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf Essay Example

Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf Paper This page was exported from Jahane Rumi Export date: Thu Nov 18 17:11:12 2010 / +0000 GMT Saadat Hasan Manto- Writer of Stark Realities (Courtesy Iftikhar Chaudri) Saadat Hassan Manto (May 11, 1912 ? January 18, 1955) was a Pakistani Urdu short story writer, most known for his Urdu short stories , Bu (Odour), Khol Do (Open It), Thanda Gosht (Cold Meat), and his magnum opus, Toba Tek Singh. Unfortunately having spent life on both sides of the border he was portrayed as an Indian writer in Pakistan and in India he was portrayed as a Pakistani writer. But truely he was a writer of the subcontinent above distinctions of coutry or religion. He was also a film and radio scriptwriter, and journalist. In his short life, he published twenty-two collections of short stories, one novel, five collections of radio plays, three collections of essays, two collections of personal sketches. He was tried for obscenity half-a-dozen times, thrice before and thrice after independence in Pakistan, but never convicted. Some of his works have been translated in other languages. Combining psychoanalysis with human behaviour, he was arguably one of the best short story tellers of the 20th century, and one of the most controversial as well. When it comes to chronicling the collective madness that prevailed in the Indian subcontinent, during and post the Partition of India in 1947, no other writer comes close to the oeuvre of Saadat Hassan Manto. We will write a custom essay sample on Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Saadat-Hasan-MantoWriter-of-Stark-Realities.Pdf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since he started his literary career translating works of literary giants, like Victor Hugo, Oscar Wilde and many Russian masters like Chekov and Gorky, their collective influence made him search for his own moorings. This search resulted in his first story, Tamasha, based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar. Though his earlier works, influenced by the progressive writers of his times showed a marked leftist and socialist leanings, his later work progressively became stark in portraying the darkness of the human psyche, as humanist values progressively declined around the Partition. So much so that his final works that came out in the dismal social climate of post-partition Indian subcontinent and his own financial struggles reflected an innate sense of human impotency towards darkness that prevailed in the larger society, cultivating in satirism that verged on dark comedy, as seen in his final great work, Toba Tek Singh, that not just showed a direct influence of his own stay in a veritable mental asylum, but also a reflection of collective madness that he saw in the ensuing decade of his life. To add to it, his numerous court cases and societal rebukes, deepened his cynical view of society , from which he felt ever so isolated No part of human existence remain untouched or taboo for him, he sincerely brought out stories of prostitutes and pimps alike, just as he highlighted the subversive sexual slavery of the women of his times. To many contemporary women writers, his language far from being obscene brought out the women of times in realism, seen never before, and provided them with the human dignity they long deserved. Unlike his fellow luminaries, he never indulged in didacticism or romanticized his character, nor offered any judgment on his characters. No matter how macabre or immoral they might seem, he simply presented the characters in a realistic light, and left the judgment on to the readers eyes. This allows his works to be interpreted in a myriad ways, depending on the viewpoint of the reader. They would appear sensationalist or prurient to one, while exceedingly human to another. Yet it was this very non-judgmental and rather unhindered truism of his pen that put him in an opposite camp from the media censors, social prejudices and the legal system of his times, so much so that he remained banned for many years and lost out on many opportunities to earn a healthy living. Throughout the Indian subcontinent he is still known for his scathing insight into the human behaviour as well as revelation of the macabre animalistic nature of an enraged subcontinent, that stands out amidst the brevity of his prose . He is often compared with D. H. Lawrence, and like Lawrence he also wrote about the topics considered social taboos in Indo-Pakistani Society. His topics range from the socio-economic injustice prevailing in pre- and post- colonial subcontinent, to the more controversial topics of love, sex, incest, prostitution and the typical hypocrisy of a traditional sub continental male. In dealing with these topics, he doesnt take any pains to conceal the true state of the affair although his short stories are often intricately structured, with vivid satire and a good sense of humour. In chronicling the lives and tribulations of the people living in lower depths of the human existence, no writer of 20th century, came close to Manto. His concerns on the socio-political issues, from local to global level are revealed in his series, Letters to Uncle Sam, and those to Pandit Nehru. On his writing he often commented, If you find my stories dirty, the society you are living in is dirty. With my stories, I only expose the truth. In many ways his writings can be considered a precursor to the minimalist writing movement of nineties. Instead of focusing on composition, Manto created literary effect through narration of facts, often mini stories, often gritty. Characters are not defined exclusively by the way they look, but by what theyve done in their lives. Places are not described as a collection of sensory observations but as settings for events, sad, poignant, happy or otherwise. Early life and education Output as PDF file has been powered by [ Universal Post Manager ] plugin from www. ProfProjects. com | Page 1/2 | This page was exported from Jahane Rumi Export date: Thu Nov 18 17:11:12 2010 / +0000 GMT Saadat Hassan Manto was born in a Kashmiri Muslim family of barristers, on May 11, 1912. He received his early education at Muslim High School in Amritsar, but he remained a misfit throughout in school years, rapidly losing motivation in studies, ending up failing twice in matriculation. His only love during those days, was reading English Novels, for which he even stole a book, once from a Book-Stall in Amritsar Railway Station. In 1931, he finally passed out of school and joined Hindu Sabha College in Amritsar, which was already volatile due the independence movement, soon it reflected in his first story, Tamasha, based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre After, his father died in 1932, he sobered up a bit to support his mother, though the big turning point in his life came, when in 1933 at age 21 he met Abdul Bari Alig, a scholar and polemic writer, in Amritsar, who encouraged to him find his true talents, and read Russian and French authors. Early career Within a matter of months Manto produced an Urdu translation of Victor Hugos The Last Days of a Condemned Man, which was published by Urdu Book Stall, Lahore as Sarguzasht-e-Aseer (A Prisoners Story).. Soon afterwards he joined the editorial staff of Masawat, a daily published from Ludhiana His 1934 Urdu translation of Oscar Wildes Vera won him due recognition amongst the literary circles. At the continued encouragement of Abdul Bari, he published a collection of Urdu translation of Russian stories as Russi Afsane. This heightened enthusiasm pushed Manto to pursue graduation at Aligarh Muslim University, which he joined in February 1934, and soon got associated with Indian Progressive Writers Association (IPWA). It was here that he met writer Ali Sardar Jafri and found a new spurt in his writing. His second story Inqlaab Pasand was published in Aligarh magazine in March 1935. There was no turning back from there, and his first collection of original short stories in Urdu, Atish Pare (Sparks; also Quarrel-Provokers), was published in 1936, at age 24. He left Aligarh within a year, initially for Lahore and ultimately for Bombay. After 1936, he moved to Bombay, where he stayed for the next few years, editing Musawwir, a monthly film magazine. He also started writing scripts and dialogues for Hindi films, including Kishan Kanhaya (1936) and Apni Nagariya (1939). Soon he was making enough money, though by the time he married Safia on 26 April, 1939, he was once again in dire financial crisis. Despite financial ups and downs he continued writing for films, till he left for Delhi in January 1941. He had accepted the job of writing for Urdu Service of All India Radio in 1941. This proved to be his most productive period, as in the next eighteen months he published over four collections of radio plays, Aao (Come), Manto ke Drame (Mantos Dramas), Janaze (Funerals) and Tin auraten (Three women). He continued to write short stories, and his next short story collection Dhuan (Smoke) was soon out, followed by Manto ke Afsane and his first collection of topical essays, Manto ke Mazamin. This period culminated with the publication of his mixed collection Afsane aur Drame in 1943. Meanwhile, due a quarrel with then director of the All India Radio, poet N. M. Rashid, he left his job and returned to Bombay in July, 1942, where he started working with film industry once again, and entered his best phase in screenwriting, giving films like Aatth Din, Chal Chal Re Naujawan and Mirza Ghalib, which was finally released in 1954 [2]. Some of his best short stories also came from this phase, including Kaali Shalwar, Dhuan (1943) and Bu which was published in Qaumi Jang (Bombay) in February 1945. Another hightlight of his second phase in Bombay was the publication of an important collection of his stories, Chugad, which also included the story Babu Gopinath [5]. He continued to stay in Bombay, till he moved to Pakistan in January 1948, much after the partition of India in 1947. Output as PDF file has been powered by [ Universal Post Manager ] plugin from www. 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